Číslovky v angličtině

Anglické číslovky jsou důležité pro každodenní komunikaci. Naučte se základní i řadové číslovky a jak je správně používat.

1. Základní číslovky (Cardinal numbers)

1.1 1–20

1.2 Desítky

1.3 21–99

Vzorec: desítka + - + jednotka

• 21 = twenty**-**one
• 35 = thirty**-**five
• 47 = forty**-**seven
• 99 = ninety**-**nine

1.4 Stovky, tisíce, miliony

Příklady:

• 123 = one hundred and twenty-three
• 1,234 = one thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
• 5,678 = five thousand, six hundred and seventy-eight

Pozor: V americké angličtině se "and" často vynechává.

2. Řadové číslovky (Ordinal numbers)

Pravidlo pro 11–20:

• 11th = eleventh
• 12th = twelfth
• 13th = thirteenth
• 20th = twentieth

Pravidlo pro 21+:

• 21st = twenty-first
• 22nd = twenty-second
• 23rd = twenty-third
• 24th = twenty-fourth

3. Datum

Psaní data:

• Americky: month/day/year → 12/25/2024
• Britsky: day/month/year → 25/12/2024

Vyslovování:

December 25th, 2024 = December the twenty-fifth, twenty twenty-four 25th December 2024 = the twenty-fifth of December, twenty twenty-four

Příklady:

• January 1st = January the first
• March 21st = March the twenty-first
• October 3rd = October the third

4. Čas (Telling the time)

It's 3:00. = It's three o'clock. It's 3:15. = It's quarter past three. / It's three fifteen. It's 3:30. = It's half past three. / It's three thirty. It's 3:45. = It's quarter to four. / It's three forty-five.

AM/PM:

• AM = dopoledne (před polednem)
• PM = odpoledne/večer (po poledni)

5. Letopočty

Roky do 2000:

• 1990 = nineteen ninety
• 1776 = seventeen seventy-six
• 1066 = ten sixty-six

Roky od 2000:

• 2000 = two thousand
• 2001 = two thousand (and) one
• 2010 = twenty ten / two thousand (and) ten
• 2024 = twenty twenty-four

6. Desetinná čísla a zlomky

Desetinná čísla:

• 3.14 = three point one four
• 0.5 = zero/nought point five

Zlomky:

• 1/2 = a/one half
• 1/3 = a/one third
• 1/4 = a/one quarter
• 3/4 = three quarters
• 2/5 = two fifths

7. Praktické použití

Věk:

I'm twenty-five years old. She's thirty.

Cena:

It costs $15.99. = fifteen dollars (and) ninety-nine cents It's £20. = twenty pounds

Telefonní číslo:

My number is 420-555-1234. = four two zero, five five five, one two three four

Procenta:

50% = fifty percent 100% = one hundred percent / a hundred percent

8. Typické chyby

❌ Špatně: I'm twenty-five years. ✅ Správně: I'm twenty-five years old.

❌ Špatně: It's three and half. ✅ Správně: It's half past three.

❌ Špatně: in 1st January ✅ Správně: on 1st January (datum = ON!)

❌ Špatně: two thousands ✅ Správně: two thousand (BEZ -s!)