Anglická konverzace – bydlení
Bydlení je jedno z nejběžnějších konverzačních témat. Ať už mluvíte s novým kolegou, spolužákem nebo při pohovoru, otázky na bydlení padnou téměř vždy. Tento článek vám pomůže procvičit slovní zásobu a připravit se na typické otázky.
Základní otázky o bydlení
Tyto otázky jsou vhodné pro začátečníky a mírně pokročilé:
Kde a jak bydlíte
- Do you live in a house or a flat?
- How long have you lived there?
- Do you live alone or with your family?
- How many rooms does your flat/house have?
- Do you rent or own your home?
- Which floor do you live on?
- What's your neighbourhood like?
Popis bytu nebo domu
- Describe your living room.
- What furniture do you have in your bedroom?
- What's your favourite room? Why?
- Do you have a balcony or a garden?
- Is there a lot of natural light in your flat?
- What can you see from your window?
Domácí práce
- Who does the housework in your family?
- What housework do you usually do?
- Do you enjoy cleaning? Why or why not?
- How often do you clean your flat?
- Do you cook at home or eat out?
Pokročilé konverzační otázky
Pro hlubší diskuzi a rozsáhlejší odpovědi:
Preference a názory
- Do you prefer living in a city or in the countryside? Why?
- Would you rather live in a house or a flat?
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of renting?
- Is it important to you to live close to work?
- Would you like to live abroad? Where?
- What would your dream home look like?
Zkušenosti
- How many times have you moved in your life?
- Have you ever lived with flatmates? What was it like?
- What's the best place you've ever lived? Why?
- Have you ever had any problems with neighbours?
- What changes have you made to your home?
Společenská témata
- Do you think housing is affordable in your country?
- Is it better for young people to rent or buy?
- How has housing changed in your city over the years?
- What do you think about living in a smart home?
- Is home ownership important in your culture?
Užitečná slovní zásoba
Typy bydlení
| Anglicky | Česky |
|---|---|
| flat / apartment | byt |
| house | dům |
| detached house | samostatný rodinný dům |
| semi-detached house | dvojdomek |
| terraced house | řadový dům |
| cottage | chalupa, chata |
| bungalow | přízemní dům |
| studio flat | garsonka |
| penthouse | luxusní střešní byt |
| maisonette | mezonetový byt |
Místnosti
| Anglicky | Česky |
|---|---|
| living room / lounge | obývací pokoj |
| bedroom | ložnice |
| kitchen | kuchyň |
| bathroom | koupelna |
| toilet / WC | záchod |
| hall / hallway | předsíň, chodba |
| dining room | jídelna |
| study | pracovna |
| attic | podkroví |
| cellar / basement | sklep |
| utility room | prádelna |
| garage | garáž |
Nábytek
| Anglicky | Česky |
|---|---|
| sofa / couch | pohovka |
| armchair | křeslo |
| coffee table | konferenční stolek |
| bookshelf | knihovna |
| wardrobe | skříň na oblečení |
| chest of drawers | komoda |
| bed | postel |
| bedside table | noční stolek |
| desk | psací stůl |
| dining table | jídelní stůl |
| chair | židle |
Vybavení domácnosti
| Anglicky | Česky |
|---|---|
| fridge | lednice |
| freezer | mrazák |
| cooker / stove | sporák |
| oven | trouba |
| microwave | mikrovlnná trouba |
| dishwasher | myčka nádobí |
| washing machine | pračka |
| dryer | sušička |
| vacuum cleaner | vysavač |
| iron | žehlička |
| kettle | rychlovarná konvice |
Domácí práce – slovesa
| Anglicky | Česky |
|---|---|
| clean | uklízet |
| tidy up | uklidit, dát do pořádku |
| hoover / vacuum | vysávat |
| mop | mýt podlahu |
| dust | utírat prach |
| do the washing-up | mýt nádobí |
| do the laundry | prát prádlo |
| iron | žehlit |
| cook | vařit |
| take out the rubbish | vynést odpadky |
| make the bed | ustlat postel |
| water the plants | zalévat květiny |
Vzorové odpovědi
Kde bydlíte?
"I live in a two-bedroom flat on the third floor of an apartment building. It's in the centre of Prague, so it's quite convenient for work and shopping. The flat is rented – I moved in about three years ago. I share it with my girlfriend."
Jaký je váš oblíbený pokoj?
"My favourite room is definitely the living room. It's spacious and bright because it has big windows facing south. I've got a comfortable sofa there and a nice bookshelf. I spend most of my free time there, watching TV or reading."
Preferujete město nebo vesnici?
"I prefer living in a city, to be honest. I like having everything close by – shops, restaurants, cinemas. Public transport is also much better in cities. On the other hand, I do miss nature sometimes. Maybe when I'm older, I'd like to have a small house in the countryside."
Typické chyby Čechů
❌ Špatně: I live in a flat in third floor. ✅ Správně: I live in a flat on the third floor. (Používáme „on" + patro.)
❌ Špatně: My flat has three rooms and one kitchen. ✅ Správně: My flat has three rooms and a kitchen. (Člen „a/an" místo „one" v obecném popisu.)
❌ Špatně: I am living here for five years. ✅ Správně: I have been living here for five years. nebo I have lived here for five years. (Předpřítomný čas pro děj, který začal v minulosti a stále trvá.)
❌ Špatně: I must do the hoover. ✅ Správně: I must do the hoovering. nebo I must hoover. („Hoover" je sloveso, „hoovering" je podstatné jméno pro činnost.)
Tipy pro konverzaci
- Používejte přídavná jména – místo „I have a flat" řekněte „I have a cosy two-bedroom flat"
- Dávejte příklady – „I like my neighbourhood because there's a nice park nearby"
- Srovnávejte – „It's smaller than my previous flat, but the location is much better"
- Vyjadřujte názory – „I think renting is more practical for young people"
- Ptejte se zpět – „What about you? Do you prefer living in a house?"
Praktický dialog
A: So, where do you live?
B: I live in a small flat in Vinohrady. It's just a studio, but it's enough for me.
A: Oh, nice area. Do you like it there?
B: Yes, it's great. Very central, lots of cafés and shops nearby. The only downside is that it's quite noisy sometimes.
A: I know what you mean. I used to live in the centre too, but I moved to the suburbs last year. It's much quieter.
B: That sounds nice. Do you have a garden?
A: Yes, a small one. I've started growing some vegetables there. It's really relaxing.